Liying Zheng

Introduction Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common chronic respiratory disorder characterized by persistent airflow limitation, posing a significant threat to global health (1). As the third leading cause of death worldwide, COPD accounts for approximately three million deaths annually (2). Acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) are common events in the disease course, with about half of COPD patients experiencing at least one exacerbation per year (3, 4).

Introduction Nasal intraepithelial papilloma (NIP) was first described in 1854 (1). Predominantly affecting middle-aged males, it represents the most common benign epithelial tumor of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, accounting for approximately 0.5% to 4.0% of all nasal cavity tumors.

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