Mabel Bartlett

A multidimensional framework for cardiac aging: the A×G×E×D model Cardiac aging arises through the interplay of multiple biological axes that determine cardiac vulnerability and resilience. We define this as the A×G×E×D framework, reflecting the convergence of four axes: age (A), genetics (G), environment (E), and drug (D) exposure (Figure 1). Figure 1 Integrating age, genetics, environment, and drug exposure through new approach methodologies to model cardiac pathophysiology and heterogeneity.

Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) released endogenously by induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in macrophages is a key regulatory biomarker for wound inflammation. Detecting NO directly on the wound bed is challenging due to its short half-life time (6 – 50 s), low physiological concentration (nM – μM) and interferences in the complex wound environment. Existing NO sensors suffer from limitations such as rigid substrates, single point of detection and complex measurement setup.