Majah Leah V

Reclaiming Instructional Time for Learning: The Case for a Three-Term School Calendar in Philippine Basic Education examines how school calendar reform can address persistent losses in instructional time and improve learning continuity. As the Philippines transitions to a three-term calendar, this policy note highlights how longer, more coherent instructional periods can reduce fragmentation, support timely assessment and remediation, and strengthen teacher workload management.

Past studies reveal that forward markets reduce prices and mitigate market power. However, these results are conditional on the ability of sellers to leverage arbitrage opportunities in spot (real-time) and forward (period-ahead) markets. To investigate this further, we conducted a laboratory experiment to examine the impact of alternative forward market microstructures on the market for a non-storable commodity (i.e., electricity).

ABOUT THE BOOK: Pro-Poor Development Policies: Lessons from the Philippines and East Asia is a collection of 25 essays on Philippine economic development, written by eminent scholars, to honor the illustrious academic and public service of Arsenio M. Balisacan. Professor Balisacan’s numerous publications cover wide areas of economic development, including poverty, inequality, human development, agricultural and rural development, competition policy, and political economy of policy reforms.