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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition that affects between 8 and 13% of women during their reproductive years. However, PCOS continues to be vastly underdiagnosed despite its prevalence. Currently available AI-based PCOS diagnosis methods are limited by their centralized nature, making them difficult to deploy across multiple sites. They are not able to provide information regarding the severity of the PCOS diagnosis.

Abstract Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) requires accurate severity staging for treatment planning and prognosis. Machine learning models for COPD severity prediction typically treat Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stages as nominal categories, ignoring their natural ordering.

Introduction Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) represent one of the most severe, costly, and debilitating complications of diabetes mellitus, evolving into a critical public health challenge of global proportions. The statistics show that over half a billion adults live with diabetes worldwide, and approximately 6.3% will develop a foot ulcer in their lifetime (Wang et al.). This translates to an estimated 18.6 million new ulcers annually (Armstrong et al., 2023).