Mallory Barnes

1 Introduction Cover crops, typically non-commercial crops planted during fallow periods or used in between rows of perennial systems, are widely promoted as a strategy for improving soil health (Calonego et al., 2017; Kim et al., 2020; Poeplau & Don, 2015), water quality (Blanco-Canqui, 2018; Dabney et al., 2001), and biodiversity (Elhakeem et al., 2019) in agroecosystems, particularly in the Midwest.

Abstract No-till management is often recognized for its environmental and economic benefits, but its potential to reduce climate warming is still uncertain. Beyond ongoing debate over its effects on soil carbon storage, no-till also leaves plant residue on the surface, which can reflect more sunlight. This increase in surface reflectivity, called albedo, may help mitigate climate change by reducing the energy absorbed by the land.

Fig. S2 Relationships between AWCI derived from this study and Teets et al. (2022). Fig. S3 Smoothed partial dependence plots documenting the dependence between AWCI and various scaled annual climate variables. Fig. S4 Smoothed partial dependence plots documenting the dependence between AWCI : GPP and various scaled annual climate variables. Fig. S5 Smoothed partial dependence plots documenting the dependence between GPP and various scaled annual climate variables. Fig.