1 Introduction Cover crops, typically non-commercial crops planted during fallow periods or used in between rows of perennial systems, are widely promoted as a strategy for improving soil health (Calonego et al., 2017; Kim et al., 2020; Poeplau & Don, 2015), water quality (Blanco-Canqui, 2018; Dabney et al., 2001), and biodiversity (Elhakeem et al., 2019) in agroecosystems, particularly in the Midwest.