Maria Cossu Rocca

Abstract Systemic inflammatory indices have been proposed as prognostic biomarkers in several malignancies; however, their role in patients receiving avelumab maintenance for advanced urothelial carcinoma (aUC) remains poorly defined. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of inflammatory markers in this context and to develop a composite score for outcome stratification. We retrospectively analyzed patients with aUC who were treated with avelumab maintenance therapy.

1 Introduction Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a prevalent malignant epithelial tumor, with a high incidence in Southern China and Southeast Asia. It is closely linked to Epstein-Barr virus infection, further underscoring the need for effective therapeutic interventions (1). Due to the intricate anatomical location and complex structures involved, surgical access has been limited in the treatment of NPC.

Introduction Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor with a very unique geographic distribution; it is mainly prevalent in southern China and Southeast Asia (1, 2). In the regions with NPC prevalence, NPC has been reported in approximately 50 per 100,000 persons annually and this incidence is almost 50 times higher than that in western countries (2).