Introduction Moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (msTBI) is a leading cause of death and disability and is a significant global public health problem.1 In Australia, approximately 20 000 patients a year are admitted to hospitals with msTBI.2 Unfortunately, short-term in-hospital mortality for severe TBI remains static at around 25%–30%, and many surviving patients suffer permanent neurological disability3 despite management in well-resourced, integrated healthcare systems such as...