Marcela Benitez

Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. References References marked with an asterisk (*) are cited in Table of Figure 1. , , , and . 2016. “Evaluation of Third-Party Reciprocity by Squirrel Monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) and the Question of Mechanisms.” Animal Cognition 19, no. 4: 813–818. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-016-0980-7. 2008. “The Pairbond in the Titi Monkey (Callicebus moloch): Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Contributions of the Pairmates.” Folia Primatologica 50, no.

1 Introduction Nonhuman primates are particularly relevant for understanding the origins of language. They are our closest living relatives and have vocalizations that are diverse, and important for maintaining social relationships (reviewed in Fedurek and Slocombe 2011).

The journal Royal Society Open Science published a survey of 100 researchers of animal behavior, providing a unique view of current scientific thought on animal emotions and consciousness. “As far as we know, this is the first assessment of how animal behavior researchers across a range of disciplines think about emotions and consciousness in non-human animals,” says Marcela Benítez, assistant professor of anthropology at Emory University and corresponding author of the paper.