Marti Anderson

1 Introduction Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is one of the most widely used statistical techniques (Speed 1987; Gelman 2005; Großmann 2014), providing a partitioning of the measured variation in a random variable in response to complex experimental designs and sampling programmes (Cochran 1977; Winer, Brown & Michels 1991; Bailey 2008).

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Introduction The fracturing of continuous habitats into smaller and more isolated fragments is accelerating worldwide, altering the structure and function of forest ecosystems (Haddad et al. 2015, Tilman et al. 2017). The majority of fragmentation studies to date have focused on changes in species' distributions and measures of diversity (Fardila et al. 2017).