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Abstract The astounding number of anti-phage defenses encoded by bacteria is countered by an elaborate set of phage counter-defenses, though their evolutionary origins are often unknown. Here, we report the discovery of an orphan antitoxin counter-defense element in T4-like phages that can overcome the bacterial toxin-antitoxin phage defense system, DarTG1.
Abstract The astounding number of anti-phage defenses encoded by bacteria is countered by an elaborate set of phage counter-defenses, though their evolutionary origins are often unknown. Here, we discover an orphan antitoxin counter-defense element in T4-like phages that can overcome the bacterial toxin-antitoxin phage defense system, DarTG1.
Featured Current Issue Past Issues Special Issues Masthead For Authors Healthcare Quarterly 26(3) October 2023 : 37-42.doi:10.12927/hcq.2023.27216 In the spring of 2022 – at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic – Halton Healthcare, a large community hospital corporation in southern Ontario, launched a brand-new leadership development program called “Inspiring Leadership” to support its workforce.
Highlights • Diverse stress conditions induce transcription of bacterial toxin-antitoxin systems • Growth and RNA-seq assays demonstrate that stress does not activate toxins • Stress can trigger antitoxin degradation and relief from transcriptional repression • New antitoxin synthesis and proteolytically stable TA complexes prevent toxin release Summary Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are ubiquitous genetic elements in bacterial genomes, but their functions are controversial.
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