Min-Yao Jhu

Keywords flavonoid transcriptional regulation nodulation signaling pathway nodule symbiosis nitrogen Medicago truncatula barley Introduction Plants employ adaptive strategies to survive in variable environments.

Fig 2. Rhizobial infection. Rhizobia can enter the root immediately through a process of intracellular infection (A) or through differing levels of intercellular infection (B). Whichever route is taken, bacteria always end up intracellularly accommodated. (C) Initiation of intracellular accommodation starts with receptor activation through the stringent perception of NFs or exopolysaccharides.