Mingbo Yin

Keywords Viromes Ticks Inner Mongolia Ecological determinants Introduction Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) remain among the most consequential global public health challenges. An estimated 82% of the world’s population lives in areas at risk of VBDs, with ~1.05 billion incident infections and more than one million deaths reported each year1,2.

All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.

Introduction Animal vocal communication serves several social functions, including mate attraction, species recognition, territory and mate defense, and threat notification (Wilkins et al., 2013; Price et al., 2015). Natural selection, sexual selection, and neutral evolution are the three primary processes by which observed patterns of differentiation in acoustic signals form across populations.