Mingran Zhang

Introduction Erectile dysfunction (ED) is one of the most common male sexual disorders, characterized by the persistent inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance (1, 2). It affects men across all age groups, with prevalence increasing significantly with advancing age, and has a profound negative impact on quality of life and psychosocial well-being (3–5).

Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. References 1, , and , “Cutting Edge: Cognate CD4 Help Promotes Recruitment of Antigen-Specific CD8 T Cells Around Dendritic Cells,” Journal of Immunology 177, no. 3 (2006): 1406–1410. 2, , , , , and , “Chemokines Enhance Immunity by Guiding Naive CD8+ T Cells to Sites of CD4+ T Cell–Dendritic Cell Interaction,” Nature 440, no. 7086 (2006): 890–895.

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