Mohammad Ashraful Haque

Plasmonic logic gates are important components in integrated photonics. They are essential for high-speed Boolean computations and data transmission. For this purpose, an all-optical ultra-compact plasmonic logic gate is proposed in this paper. The design uses the metal–insulator–metal (MIM) configuration and the propagation of surface plasmon polaritons.

Key Points Question Is the low COVID-19–related mortality reported in Bangladesh for 2020 associated with massive undercounting? Findings This repeated survey study including households from a sample of 135 villages in rural Bangladesh found that all-cause mortality in the surveyed are was lower in 2020 compared with 2019, but measures to control the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with a reduction in rural income and food availability.