Long before October 7, 2023, observers had already analyzed a ubiquitous, if informal, “Palestine exception” to free-speech norms and academic freedom on U.S. campuses. In the wake of the October 7 attack, Israel’s all-out war on Palestinians in Gaza, and campus protests against that violence, the federal government, under both the Biden and Trump administrations, has made the Palestine exception an official part of federal higher-education policy.