Mohammad Muhsin Chisti

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a chronic lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by the proliferation of mature but dysfunctional B lymphocytes. It is a common adult leukemia. Younger patients (eg, 30 years of age) can be impacted by CLL, but the median diagnostic age is 70 years. There is a slightly higher incidence of CLL in male populations than in female populations. However, female patients can have more aggressive disease.

Background Metaplastic breast cancer (MpBC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy characterized by the differentiation of the neoplastic epithelium into epithelial and mesenchymal elements. MpBC carries a poorer prognosis compared with invasive ductal carcinoma, likely due to its histopathological and molecular heterogeneity and lack of specific treatment protocols. The rarity and complexity of MpBC calls for further inquiry into its clinical characteristics.

Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has arisen as a revolutionary treatment for hematologic malignancies. Despite its transformative potential, there remains a significant lack of large-population data addressing how sex influences patient outcomes following treatment. The biological and physiological differences between male and female patients and differences—could potentially affect treatment responses and overall safety.