Mohammad R Akbari

Abstract The objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of pathogenic variants in 18 cancer predisposition genes in a national cohort of women with breast cancer diagnosed at age 40 or younger. Women with breast cancer at age ≤40 years were recruited from 33 Canadian centres at diagnosis. Germline genetic testing was performed for 18 genes (ATM, BARD1, BRCA1, BRCA2, BRIP1, CDH1, CHEK2, PALB2, PTEN, STK11, RAD51D, RAD51C, EPCAM, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2).

Abstract Breast cancer etiology involves a complex interplay of various risk factors, with genetic alterations playing a significant role in susceptibility to the disease. While mutations in genes such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 are well established in elevating breast cancer risk, their potential role in predicting metastatic progression remains unclear. A recent study by Mei et al.

1 Introduction Soil salinization is a significant global issue that negatively impacts soil quality, plant growth, and the overall productivity of ecosystems (Tarolli et al. 2024). Increased soil salinization directly impacts food security, as it is predicted that by 2050, up to 50% of the land could be affected by salt damage, significantly reducing crop yields and making land unsuitable for agriculture (Butcher et al. 2016).