Mohtada Sadrzadeh

Abstract Nanofiltration for desalination and water reuse demands fouling-resistant and high-recovery operation, but is often constrained by permeability–selectivity trade-offs and heterogeneous polyamide growth during interfacial polymerization (IP).

Membrane distillation (MD), an emerging water treatment driven by vapor difference between feed and permeate sides, theoretically non-volatile matters could be entirely rejected during purification process [1]. However, the occurrence of membrane fouling in MD could impede mass transfer across the membrane [2].