Moyasar A. Alhamo

1 INTRODUCTION Signalling of the vagus nerve, through both the afferent and efferent pathways, mediates many physiological processes; these include heart rate, respiration and digestion (Figure 1).1 Most recently, vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as an adjunctive treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy, migraine and chronic cluster headaches and treatment-resistant depression, and ongoing studies suggest it may afford therapeutic effects...

Patricia A. Boley, Moyasar A. Alhamo, Geoffrey Lossie, Kush Kumar Yadav, Marcia Vasquez-Lee, Linda J. Saif, and Scott P. Kenney Author affiliations: The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA (P.A. Boley, M.A. Alhamo, K.K. Yadav, M. Vasquez-Lee, L.J. Saif, S.P. Kenney); The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA (G. Lossie) Coronaviruses (CoVs) cause respiratory and gastrointestinal disease in humans, poultry, swine, and cattle.