Muyin Wang

With the rapid development of the economy and the rapid growth of motorized vehicles, road safety problems are becoming more and more prominent. Road cracks as one of the problems affecting road safety, posing a serious threat to traffic safety.

Abstract Extreme winter cold-air outbreaks (CAOs) impose substantial societal and economic impacts across the Northern Hemisphere, yet the stratospheric processes that modulate these events—and shape their regional expression—remain incompletely understood. Previous studies relied on cluster-based classifications of polar vortex states, which discretize continuous variability and often emphasize North American impacts.

Abstract Ural blocking (UB) and the associated Warm Arctic–Cold Eurasia (WACE) pattern are typically linked to the negative Arctic Oscillation (AO). However, robust UB events are surprisingly observed even during the positive AO phase, a condition generally expected to suppress blocking due to enhanced zonal flow. This study investigates how positive AO magnitude modulates UB persistence.