In 1999, at the time of the birth of the International Journal of Integrated Care, Walter Leutz wrote a seminal article in The Milbank Quarterly that formulated Five Laws for integrating medical and social services (Box 1) [1]. Moreover, Leutz offered three recommendations for action: to involve the users and providers early in the planning process; to develop systems to integrate services; and to clarify the borders between medical and other systems.