Ninghong Song

Abstract Immunotherapy has achieved limited efficacy in prostate cancer (PCa), largely due to its profoundly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the metabolic mechanisms underpinning this immune resistance remain poorly defined.

Introduction Varicocele (VC) refers to the abnormal dilation, twisting, and thickening of the pampiniform venous plexus within the scrotum, which can lead to testicular damage and decreased sperm quality, closely associated with male infertility (1, 2). VC occurs in approximately 15% of males and is associated with 35-44% of primary male infertility cases, being found in 45-81% of cases of secondary male infertility (2).

Objective: The metabolism of cholesterol has been found to be closely related to the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of tumors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between cholesterol metabolic genes and the prognosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Methods: Gene expression profiles and clinical information of individuals diagnosed with prevalent malignant tumors were obtained from the TCGA database. For survival analysis, Kaplan-Meier curves were used.