Peter Mumba

Abstract The invasion of Africa by Anopheles stephensi poses a significant threat to malaria elimination. As An. stephensi exploits a wide array of urban artificial larval habitats, it may be less impacted by rainfall variability compared to other native Anopheles species. We empirically investigated this assumption by quantifying the seasonal transition of an established population from eastern Ethiopia between rainy and dry periods.

Last week’s opinion piece began examining the implementation of Zambia’s Public Debt Management Act (PDMA), focusing on key provisions that have been enacted. While acknowledging the government’s progress, the article highlighted that several important provisions remain unimplemented. A major obstacle is the absence of clear subsidiary legislation (respective Statutory Instruments, Regulations and Guidelines) to interpret, implement, and enforce the Act’s provisions.

Over the past few years, Zambia has been hit by a severe debt crisis, worsened by an outdated and inadequate legal framework for managing public debt, particularly the Loans and Guarantees (Authorization) Act (LGAA) of 1969. The weaknesses of the LGAA contributed to the weak oversight and transparency on public debt— leading to unchecked debt accumulation and consequently leaving the country vulnerable to financial instability.