Piotr Pawłowski

Back to Journals » Cancer Management and Research » Volume 18 Authors Ziętara KJ , Pawłowski P , Zaj N , Banasik M, Samardakiewicz M Received 28 September 2025 Accepted for publication 26 March 2026 Published 17 April 2026 Volume 2026:18 570990 DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/CMAR.S570990 Checked for plagiarism Yes Review by Single anonymous peer review Peer reviewer comments 3 Editor who approved publication: Professor Yong Teng Karolina Joanna Ziętara,1,* Piotr...

1. Introduction 1.1. Background Proteins perform several critical biological functions as enzymes, structural proteins, or hormones. Their synthesis occurs inside each cell in two basic stages, transcription and translation, accompanied by amino acid delivery. Transcription is a process in which a linear section of DNA encoding a protein (gene) is converted into a molecular template called messenger RNA (mRNA).