Qiangda Chen

1 Introduction Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the deadliest malignancies with a 5-year survival rate about 13%, and is projected to become the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths by 2040 [1, 2]. The complex molecular landscape of PDAC, characterized by Bailey et al.’s [3] identification of four distinct molecular subtypes (squamous, pancreatic progenitor, immunogenic, and aberrantly differentiated endocrine exocrine) and Collisson et al.

1 Introduction Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly malignant type of cancer characterized by its resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Currently, it stands as the estimated third leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States, with only a 13% 5-year survival rate.[1] Despite advancements in PDAC treatment, long-term survival rates have shown limited improvements over the past few decades.

Clinical/translational cancer immunotherapy Poor clinical outcomes and immunoevasive contexture in CD161+CD8+ T cells barren human pancreatic cancer Statistics from Altmetric.com Request Permissions If you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Center’s RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways.