Radu Popa

Submitted: 04 February 2026 You are already at the latest version Background: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) progressing to chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) is associated with high morbidity and limb loss. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major modifier of disease distribution and outcomes. The Bollinger score, GLASS classification, and WIfI staging are complementary tools for assessing anatomical burden and limb threat.

2. Materials and Methods 2.1. Substrates For the planar electrode mockups, glass slides of various dimensions (75 × 25 mm and 250 × 15–50 mm) were covered with self-adhesive 5 mil thick (125 μm) polyimide foils (Kapton® 500HN), and the functional macrocontacts and the conductive routes were directly fabricated on the polyimide-covered surface of the commercial probes (various lengths: 10–23 cm, and outer diameters: ~550, and ~770 μm).

2. Materials and Methods In this study, patients with RIF and RPL who presented for consultations at Origyn Fertility Center in Iasi, Romania, were prospectively enrolled between January 2020 and December 2022. The Institutional Ethics Committee of the University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa” granted ethical permission for this research (No. 143/18.03.2019). All individuals provided informed permission prior to inclusion in the research.