Robert Sharp
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Articles by Robert Sharp
Type 1 diabetes SIRPG risk variants increase SIRP γ expression and CD47 loss enhances CD8 + T cell cytotoxicity
Abstract Type 1 diabetes (T1D) risk variants within SIRPG influence transcript splicing and alter the expression of signal regulatory protein gamma (SIRPγ) on human T cells; however, the functional consequences of the risk variants remain poorly defined.
The microRNA miR-30a blocks adipose tissue fibrosis accumulation in obesity
ResearchCell biologyMetabolism Open Access | 10.1172/JCI175566 J Clin Invest. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI175566. Copyright © 2025, Saha et al. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Regulation of CD47 expression on CD14+ monocytes by interferon-α in PBC patients
1 Introduction Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic intrahepatic cholestatic autoimmune liver disease characterized by inflammatory injury of small and medium-sized bile ducts in the liver. It occurs mainly in middle-aged and older women; the onset is mostly hidden. The early symptoms of the disease are not specific, and it is easy to miss or misdiagnose (1). The pathogenesis of PBC needs to be clarified.
Causal relationships between CD25 on immune cells and hip osteoarthritis
1 Introduction Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is an intricate degenerative condition affecting the hip joint, primarily triggered by a combination of chronic inflammatory and metabolic factors. It is characterized by narrowing of the joint space, degeneration of articular cartilage, osteosclerosis of subchondral bone, osteophyte formation, and chronic inflammation (1, 2).
Gut microbiota and type 1 diabetes: a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
1 Introduction Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic, immune-mediated disease characterized by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells and resultant insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia (Dimeglio et al., 2018; Norris et al., 2020). In Europe, the average annual increase in incidence rate was 3%-4% over the past 30 years (Patterson et al., 2009; Patterson et al., 2012; Patterson et al., 2019), which was a little higher than a worldwide estimate (2.8%) ([[NoAuthor]]).
Causal relationship between gut microbiota and type 2 diabetes: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Hanjing Li1,2 Candong Li1,2,3* 1College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China 2Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China 3Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Status Identification, Fuzhou, Fujian, China Background: Studies showed that development of gut microbial dysbiosis has a close association with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Nature and nurture: understanding phenotypic variation in inborn errors of immunity
1 Introduction Clinical heterogeneity is common among thousands of described Mendelian disorders (Chong et al., 2015; Posey et al., 2019). Likewise, for inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) reduced penetrance and variable expressivity are the rule, not the exception (Gruber and Bogunovic, 2020; Aksentijevich and Schnappauf, 2021). Even the severe combined immune deficiencies, the most paradigmatic of examples, are not uniformly apparent in infancy (Dvorak et al., 2023).
Antioxidants | Free Full-Text | Comparative Transcriptomics Reveal Metabolic Rather than Genetic Control of Divergent Antioxidant Metabolism in the Primary Root Elongation Zone of Water-Stressed Cotton and Maize
This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon. Open AccessArticle by Jian Kang 1,2, Sidharth Sen 1,2,3, Melvin J. Oliver 1,2 and Robert E.
Plants | Free Full-Text | Water Deficit-Induced Changes in Phenolic Acid Content in Maize Leaves Is Associated with Altered Expression of Cinnamate 4-Hydroxylase and p-Coumaric Acid 3-Hydroxylase
Open AccessArticle by Zintle Kolo 1, Anelisa Majola 1, Kyle Phillips 1, Ali Elnaeim Elbasheir Ali 1, Robert E.
NIX-Mediated Mitophagy Promotes Effector Memory Formation in Antigen-Specific CD8+ T Cells
Highlights • NIX regulates mitophagy during effector memory formation in CD8+ T cells • NIX-mediated mitophagy prevents HIF1α accumulation during contraction phase • HIF1α alters metabolism from long-chain to short/branched-chain fatty acid oxidation • Optimal ATP generation is critical for effector memory formation in CD8+ T cells Summary Autophagy plays a critical role in the maintenance of immunological memory.
Palestine +100 Imagines Many Possible Futures
Screw Roland Barthes: if ever the identity of the author mattered to how a piece of literature is understood, it matters to Palestine +100. The nationality of the authors in this collection is relevant for several reasons. First, because this book is (according to the publisher) the first ever anthology of Palestinian Science Fiction.
English PEN and Scottish PEN call on British government to rethink its approach to Online Harms
Skip to content English PEN and Scottish PEN have today submitted a response to the British government’s consultation on its Online Harms White Paper. Published jointly by the Home Office and Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport in April 2019, the White Paper proposes new regulation to tackle ‘online harms’ ranging from terrorist content and child sex-abuse images, to phenomena such as trolling, cyberbullying and fake news.
Libel Reform Campaign welcomes Supreme Court Judgment on 'serious harm' in Lachaux
The judgment ‘expands the space for freedom of expression’ It ‘gives greater certainty to all kinds of writers’ over how the law will be interpreted. The same reforms to the law must now be enacted in Scotland and Northern Ireland The Libel Reform Campaign, which campaigned successfully for the ’serious harm’ test in defamation, welcomes the judgment in Lachaux v Independent Print Ltd and another, which was handed down today (12 June 2019) at the United Kingdom Supreme Court.
RAID ACROSS SOUTH DAKOTA News South Dakota Air and Space Museum
March 30, 2019 – By South Dakota Air & Space Museum On April 17, the SDASM will be conducting the "Raid Across South Dakota" to commemorate South Dakota's contribution to the famous Doolittle Raid of April 18, 1942! We'll be flying an authentic WWII B-25 bomber from Sioux Falls to Mitchell to Pierre to Rapid City and onto Ellsworth AFB where it will take part in a base event commemorating the 77th anniversary of the Raid.
Watch, Listen and Share: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's PEN Pinter Prize Speech
On 9 October 2018, English PEN was delighted to present the PEN Pinter Prize 2018 to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. At an event at the British Library, she accepted the prize from Lady Antonia Fraser, Harold Pinter’s widow, and delivered an address entitled Shut Up And Write in which she discussed her literary inspirations, what it means to be an ‘African writer’ and a feminist.
Margaret Atwood awarded 2016 PEN Pinter Prize
Canadian poet, novelist and environmental activist Margaret Atwood has been awarded the 2016 PEN Pinter Prize. She will receive her award at a public event at the British Library on the evening of Thursday 13 October, where she will deliver an address. Margaret Atwood was chosen by this year’s judges Vicky Featherstone, Zia Haider Rahman, Peter Stothard, Antonia Fraser and President of English PEN and Chair of Judges, Maureen Freely.
Why the 2016 election cycle could be the start of a totalitarian strain in U.S. politics
Over the course of the presidential primaries leading up to the 2016 election, there have been many articles condemning Donald Trump for engaging in demagoguery or encouraging authoritarian thinking. While both might be true, the more pressing concern is that no matter what the results are for this election cycle, Trump’s success in the primaries has exposed a potential shift in U.S. politics toward totalitarian thinking.
Why the 2016 Election Could Be the Start of an Authoritarian Strain in US Politics
Why the 2016 Election Could Be the Start of an Authoritarian Strain in US Politics Over the course of the presidential primaries leading up to the 2016 election, there have been many articles condemning Donald Trump for engaging in demagoguery or encouraging authoritarian thinking.
Nicholas Stargardt's The German War wins PEN Hessell Tiltman Prize 2016
English PEN today announces that the PEN Hessell Tiltman Prize for History 2016 is awarded to Nicholas Stargardt for his book The German War: A Nation Under Arms, 1939-45, published by Bodley Head. The prize, endowed by former PEN member Marjorie Hessell Tiltman’s bequest, celebrates the best non-fiction on a historical subject in any period up to and including the 1960s. The winner receives a cheque for £2,000.
English PEN to host Nobel laureate Svetlana Alexievich
Svetlana Alexievich is a Belarusian investigative journalist and author. She specialises in Soviet and post-Soviet history, crafting non-fiction narratives based on witness testimonies. She writes in Russian. Announcing Alexievich as the 2015 winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature, the Swedish Academy described her writing as ‘a monument to courage and suffering in our time’.
Mary Beard and James Shapiro among shortlisted authors for 2016 PEN Hessell-Tiltman Prize
English PEN today announces the shortlisted titles for the Hessell-Tiltman Prize for History 2016. The prize, endowed by former PEN member Marjorie Hessell Tiltman’s bequest, celebrates the best non-fiction on a historical subject in any period up to and including the 1960s. The judging panel for the Hessell-Tiltman Prize is chaired this year by Lara Feigel, Senior Lecturer in English at Kings College London.
Free speech groups intervene in David Miranda appeal
On 18 August 2013, David Miranda was detained at Heathrow Airport under Schedule 7 of the Terrorism Act 2000. He was carrying journalistic material relating to the Edward Snowden leaks from Berlin to Rio de Janeiro, on behalf of his partner, the investigative journalist Glenn Greenwald. This material was confiscated by British security personnel. David Miranda sought judicial review of his detention and the decision to confiscate his journalistic materials.
Raif Badawi shares 2015 PEN Pinter Prize with James Fenton
Saudi blogger and activist Raif Badawi will share the 2015 PEN Pinter Prize with British poet, journalist and literary critic James Fenton. Badawi was named the 2015 International Writer of Courage, selected by Fenton from a shortlist of international cases of concern supported by English PEN, during a public event held this evening at the British Library in London.
English PEN concerned for well-being of South African novelist Z P Dala
English PEN is gravely alarmed to hear that South African novelist Zainub Priya Dala has been admitted to a mental institution in Durban, South Africa. Dala is also a psychologist and a physiotherapist specialising in autism. In March, at a literary event at a school, she praised the works of Salman Rushdie. A day later, three men accosted her when she was in her car, placed a knife at her throat and hit her face with a brick.
Statement from English PEN on shootings in Copenhagen
Statement from English PEN on shootings in Copenhagen Posted February 14th, 2015 by Robert Sharp & filed under Campaigns, Press. The shocking attack in Copenhagen seeks to shut down freedom of expression and intimidate anyone who wishes to discuss current challenges to free speech publicly. English PEN deplores this violent assault on a peaceful gathering – an unacceptable attempt to silence debate. Our thoughts are with the families of the victims.
In solidarity with Charlie Hebdo
In solidarity with Charlie Hebdo Posted January 8th, 2015 by Robert Sharp & filed under Campaigns. English PEN today republishes a cartoon from Charlie Hebdo in a joint action of solidarity with the Comic Book Legal Defense Fund, freeDimensional, Index on Censorship, PEN America, Free Word and Reporters Without Borders. We are proud to stand up for freedom of expression and to show our respect for the journalists, cartoonists and police who were killed yesterday.
#BooksforPrisoners Advent Calendar Day 1
The #BooksforPrisoners Advent calendar is a ‘Literary Protest’ against the misguided ban on books being sent to UK prisoners. English PEN and the Howard League for Penal Reform have been campaigning against the restrictions, which were introduced in November 2013. Every day until Christmas, a leading writer recommends a book that they would send to a prisoner.
Vacancy: Writers in Translation Programme Manager
English PEN is the founding centre of an international writers’ association, working to promote literature and freedom of expression, and is based at the Free Word Centre, a hub for literature, literacy and freedom of speech organisations. English PEN’s Writers in Translation programme pursues this vision with the support of Bloomberg and Arts Council England, awarding grants for translation to publishers.
PEN Pinter Prize - Mazen Darwish’s message - Full Text
On Thursday 9 October 2014, the Syrian journalist and human rights defender Mazen Darwish was announced as the 2014 PEN Pinter International Writer of Courage. Darwish is currently in prison in Syria, awaiting trial on charges of ‘publicising terrorist acts’ which PEN considers to be a violation of his right to freedom of expression and other human rights. Mazen Darwish’s message was read in Arabic to the audience at an event at the British Library by Zaher Omareen.
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