Rongchun Han

Abstract Postbiotics, defined as preparations of inanimate microorganisms and their components that confer health benefits, are emerging as stable and safe alternatives to probiotics. This review summarizes recent advances in the biochemical composition, mechanisms of action, and applications of postbiotics and paraprobiotics in human and animal nutrition.

1 Introduction Mental disorders (also called psychiatric disorders) are acknowledged as a variety of diseases that affect thinking, emotions, behavior, and cognitive functions, including neuropsychiatric disorders (NPDs) and neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) as well. It was found that there is a complex interaction between NPDs and NDDs, both of which involve deteriorating neuronal cell death and behavioral changes [1].