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Articles by Ryan Chung
The SGLT2i Treatment Gap in UK Primary Care: A Cross-Sectional RWE Study of Prescribing in Clinical Practice
1 Introduction Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are treatments used to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), chronic kidney disease (CKD) and chronic heart failure (CHF). SGLT2is lower plasma glucose by blocking renal glucose reabsorption, causing glucosuria and mild natriuresis that reduce intraglomerular pressure, while decreasing fluid congestion and lowering blood pressure, thereby slowing kidney function decline and improving cardiac function.
Host Genetic Regulation of NLRP3 Inflammasome Cytokines Reveals Immune and Vascular Pathways in HIV
The authors have declared no competing interest. I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below: The Human Research Protection Program/Institutional Review Board (IRB) at the University of California, San Francisco gave ethical approval for this work.
Minimally-invasive resection of deep-seated subcortical and intraventricular lesions using an integrated camera-port system: A retrospective case series
Loading metrics Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Citation: Briggs RG, Levy D, Chung RS, Cote DJ, Shah I, Gomez D, et al. (2026) Minimally-invasive resection of deep-seated subcortical and intraventricular lesions using an integrated camera-port system: A retrospective case series. PLoS One 21(5): e0348673.
Curriculum in Pharmacoepidemiology Training Programs: A Cross-Sectional Study to Assess Educational Needs and Alignment With Core Competencies
1 Introduction The definition of pharmacoepidemiology as endorsed by the International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology (ISPE) was recently updated with an expanded scope.
Augie's Quest
Augie’s Quest Friday, March 13 | 9:00 AM Shotgun This March, Bay Club is bringing our community together for a weekend in support of ALS research. As a company, our goal is to raise $1 million dollars with all proceeds going straight to finding the cure for ALS. At StoneTree, we will be hosting a Scramble Tournament on Friday, March 13. The cost is $100 per player which covers your greens fee, cart fee, lunch, and a drink.
Transverse Cordotomy With Medial Arytenoidectomy Effectively Treats Bilateral Vocal Fold Immobility
Objective Transverse cordotomy with medial arytenoidectomy (TCMA) for bilateral vocal fold immobility (BVFI) can optimize a patient's respiratory status and promote tracheostomy decannulation, but has the potential to adversely affect voice and swallow function. We present the largest cohort to date evaluating the procedure's effectiveness and compare functional outcomes by etiology of BVFI.
Unwavering Foundations: Security and Reliability in an AI-Driven Society
Trust, security, and reliability form the bedrock of every successful human endeavor, from small communities to global networks. They are the invisible glue that binds individuals, institutions, and technologies together, enabling cooperation, innovation, and progress. In an era where artificial intelligence (AI) promises to redefine how decisions are made and services are delivered, the primacy of these pillars remains unchanged.
Association of Sinonasal Symptoms and Disease With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy
1 Introduction Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which suppress immune checkpoint receptor-ligand binding to promote T-cell activation and antitumor immunity [1], have been increasingly utilized in recent years, becoming the standard of care for approximately 8% of head and neck cancers in 2020 [1-3].
Clarification Regarding the Association of Cannabis Use and Head and Neck Cancer
Clarification Regarding the Association of Cannabis Use and Head and Neck Cancer To the Editor Gallagher et al1 reported an association between the use of cannabis and the development of head and neck cancer (HNC) with the rationale that cannabis may exert significant inflammatory and carcinogenic effects on the mucosal tissues.
Clarification Regarding the Association of Cannabis Use and Head and Neck Cancer
Clarification Regarding the Association of Cannabis Use and Head and Neck Cancer To the Editor I have concerns regarding the conclusions of Gallagher et al.1 Using data extracted from electronic medical records (EMRs) and databases from 64 US health organizations that covered a 20-year period, the authors created 2 cohorts of patients, 1 with and the other without cannabis-related use disorder based on otherwise similar propensity-matched characteristics, including age, self-reported race and...
Clarification Regarding the Association of Cannabis Use and Head and Neck Cancer-Reply
Clarification Regarding the Association of Cannabis Use and Head and Neck Cancer—Reply In Reply Many thanks to Katz and Tashkin for continuing the conversation about cannabis use and head and neck cancer and their critical appraisal of our work.1 Oropharyngeal cancer is unique among the subsites analyzed in our study, being the only one in which human papillomavirus (HPV) is present in most cases of squamous cell carcinoma.2 We suspect that several factors may contribute to the association...
Demographic Disparities in Diagnosis and Treatment of Anxiety and Depressive Disorders in Head and Neck Cancer Survivors
1 Introduction The association between head and neck cancer (HNC) and psychological issues, such as anxiety and depression, has been well-documented in the literature [1, 2]. A variety of factors may contribute to development of anxiety or depressive disorders in this population, including fear of cancer progression, role changes, and diminished sense of control.
Association between meningioma consistency and surgical outcomes
Correspondence Ishan Shah: Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA. iashah@usc.edu. INCLUDE WHEN CITING Published online January 10, 2025; DOI: 10.3171/2024.8.JNS241066. Disclosures The authors report no conflict of interest concerning the materials or methods used in this study or the findings specified in this paper. *I.S. and R.S.C. share first authorship of this work.
Fine-tuning sequence-to-expression models on personal genome and transcriptome data
Abstract Genomic sequence-to-expression deep learning models, which are trained to predict gene expression and other molecular phenotypes across the reference genome, have recently been shown to have poor out-of-the-box performance in predicting gene expression variation across individuals based on their personal genome sequences.
Cannabis Use and Head and Neck Cancer
Cannabis Use and Head and Neck Cancer Key Points Question Is cannabis use associated with increased risk of head and neck cancer (HNC)? Findings In this cohort study of 116 076 individuals, people with cannabis use disorder had an increased risk of any HNC, as well as oral, oropharyngeal, nasopharyngeal, salivary gland, and laryngeal cancer, compared with a group of matched individuals.
Current genomic deep learning models display decreased performance in cell type specific accessible regions
Abstract Background: A number of deep learning models have been developed to predict epigenetic features such as chromatin accessibility from DNA sequence. Model evaluations commonly report performance genome-wide; however, cis regulatory elements (CREs), which play critical roles in gene regulation, make up only a small fraction of the genome. Furthermore, cell type specific CREs contain a large proportion of complex disease heritability.
Variants in tubule epithelial regulatory elements mediate most heritable differences in human kidney function
Abstract Kidney disease is highly heritable; however, the causal genetic variants, the cell types in which these variants function, and the molecular mechanisms underlying kidney disease remain largely unknown. To identify genetic loci affecting kidney function, we performed a GWAS using multiple kidney function biomarkers and identified 462 loci.
Critical assessment of missense variant effect predictors on disease-relevant variant data
New Results Critical assessment of missense variant effect predictors on disease-relevant variant data Ruchir Rastogi, Ryan Chung, Sindy Li, Chang Li, Kyoungyeul Lee, Junwoo Woo, Dong-Wook Kim, Changwon Keum, Giulia Babbi, Pier Luigi Martelli, Castrense Savojardo, Rita Casadio, Kirsley Chennen, Thomas Weber, Olivier Poch, Francois Ancien, Gabriel Cia, Fabrizio Pucci, Daniele Raimondi, Wim Vranken, Marianne Rooman, Celine Marquet, Tobias Olenyi, Burkhard Rost, Gaia Andreoletti, Akash...
Case 33-2023: An 86-Year-Old Man with Shortness of Breath
This article is available to subscribers. Subscribe now. Already have an account? Sign in Case Records of the Massachusetts General HospitalFree Preview List of authors. October 26, 2023 N Engl J Med 2023; 389:1602-1613 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMcpc2300908 Richard C. Cabot, Founder, Eric S. Rosenberg, M.D., Editor, David M. Dudzinski, M.D., Associate Editor, Meridale V. Baggett, M.D., Associate Editor, Kathy M. Tran, M.D., Associate Editor, Dennis C. Sgroi, M.D., Associate Editor, Jo-Anne O.
Prioritising cardiovascular disease risk assessment to high risk individuals based on primary care records
Loading metrics Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Citation: Chung R, Xu Z, Arnold M, Stevens D, Keogh R, Barrett J, et al. (2023) Prioritising cardiovascular disease risk assessment to high risk individuals based on primary care records. PLoS ONE 18(9): e0292240.
Neuroscience Research
The official journal of the Japan Neuroscience Society. Neuroscience Research is an international journal for high quality articles in all branches of neuroscience, from the molecular to the behavioral levels. The journal is published in collaboration with the Japan Neuroscience Society and is open to all contributors in the world. Neuroscience Research publishes original full-length research articles, short communications, technical notes, and reviews on all aspects of neuroscience.
Personal transcriptome variation is poorly explained by current genomic deep learning models
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Adrenal Neoplasms: Lessons from Adrenal Multidisciplinary Tumor Boards | RadioGraphics
* R.C. and J.G. contributed equally to this work. Introduction Adrenal tumors or tumor-like conditions are common in adults. An incidentally detected adrenal mass, or incidentaloma, is found in approximately 5% of imaging examinations performed for reasons not attributable to adrenal disease (1). In the absence of known malignancy, adrenal incidentalomas are overwhelmingly benign, with fewer than 1% of them representing malignancy (2,3).
Review of DVC's Guardians of the Galaxy Scream Event
In a surprise move, Disney Vacation Club announced on April 17, 2023, that they would have a Members-only event on May 4th, 2023. Star Wars Day, you say?! Surely the event would be Star Wars themed. But no, sadly, Disney decided instead to give us a Guardians of the Galaxy event for the opening of Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3.
Case 38-2021: A 76-Year-Old Woman with Abdominal Pain, Weight Loss, and Memory Impairment
A 76-year-old woman presented with abdominal pain, anorexia, memory impairment, and suicidal ideation. CT of the abdomen and pelvis revealed multiple dilated, fluid-filled loops of small bowel measuring up to 4 cm in diameter, with air–fluid levels and a transition point in the right lower quadrant. The urinary porphyrin levels were elevated. A diagnosis was made. Funding and Disclosures This case was presented at Medicine Grand Rounds.
Comparison of four methods to measure haemoglobin concentrations in whole blood donors (COMPARE): A diagnostic accuracy study
Abstract Objective To compare four haemoglobin measurement methods in whole blood donors. Background To safeguard donors, blood services measure haemoglobin concentration in advance of each donation. NHS Blood and Transplant's (NHSBT) customary method have been capillary gravimetry (copper sulphate), followed by venous spectrophotometry (HemoCue) for donors failing gravimetry.
Imaging of thyroid nodules
The worldwide incidence of thyroid cancer has increased over the past several decades,1 reaching an estimated incidence of 2.1% of all worldwide cancers in 2012.2 In the U.S., the incidence has tripled from 4.8 to 15 of 100,000 people between 1975 and 20143 and was estimated to be 3.3% of all cancers in the United States in 2012.2 This trend has been predominantly driven by a disproportionate increase in the diagnosis of small papillary thyroid cancers without a significant change in...
Off the Clock | Harvard Political Review
By Ryan Chung | January 14, 2019 With overwhelming emphasis placed on gender equality in the workplace, equality after working hours is often neglected or forgotten. For career-minded women, workplace discrimination has been a challenge since they entered the workforce after the Civil War and again after World War II.
The Illusion of Mob Rule
During the confirmation process of now-Justice Brett Kavanaugh, President Trump and his supporters frequently threw around the term “mob rule” to discredit their left-wing opponents. Their behavior mirrors that of their opponents on the other side of the aisle; liberals have themselves been using the term since the beginning of now-President Trump’s candidacy. Unfortunately, neither side has been using the term correctly.
有關Swift 3.0：不斷推陳出新的技術，該如何學習才能累積？
有關Swift 3.0：不斷推陳出新的技術，該如何學習才能累積？ 這篇文章原自行動開發學院博文，由作者Ryan Chung授權轉載。 最近有一則在Swift.org上的消息，讓所有學習Swift程式語言的人都感到十分焦慮： Swift 3.0不會與Swift 2.2 原始碼相容(source-compatible)。也就是說用Swift 2.2所撰寫的專案，大部份將無法直接在新版的Xcode直接執行，必須改寫成Swift 3.0。 但會不會是每一行都必須完全重新改寫呢？答案鐵定是否定的。目前也可以從Apple公開的資料知道，哪些東西會被變更。 那新版的Xcode會不會有一些檢查與引導的機制，轉換成Swift 3.0呢？ 非常可能。像是Swift 1.0到2.0的做法：(Edit -> Convert -> To Latest Swift Syntax…) 然後開始幫你檢查哪邊需要變更： 跟著按一按很有可能就都調整好了，但也有可能有些程式片段需要做比較大規模的改寫。 那如果我最近正剛開始學Swift，到底是要等3.0出來再學，還是現在就可以開始呢？...
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