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Articles by S. Levin
Europa’s ice thickness and subsurface structure characterized by the Juno microwave radiometer - Nature Astronomy
Abstract Jupiter’s moon Europa is thought to harbour a saltwater ocean beneath a variously disrupted ice shell, and it is, thus, one of the highest priority astrobiology targets in the Solar System. Estimates of the ice-shell thickness range from 3 km to over 30 km, and observations by the Galileo spacecraft indicated widespread regions of ice disruption (chaotic terrain) leading to speculation that the ice shell may contain subsurface cracks, faults, pores or bubbles.
Endocan: A biomarker for endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, linking maternal obesity and pediatric obesity in a cohort of preterm neonates
Highlights • A marker for inflammation was found in the blood of babies born to obese mothers. • Babies who became obese had a higher level of the inflammatory biomarker at birth. • Endocan may help us to understand inherited obesity through fetal programming. Abstract Numerous animal and epidemiologic studies have demonstrated a positive association between maternal obesity in pregnancy and obesity in offspring. The biologic mechanisms of this association remain under investigation.
Private Equity Buyers Poised to Reap W&I Insurance Benefits | JD Supra
Updated: May 25, 2018: JD Supra is a legal publishing service that connects experts and their content with broader audiences of professionals, journalists and associations.
A New Model of Jupiter's Magnetic Field from Juno's First Nine Orbits
A spherical harmonic model of the magnetic field of Jupiter is obtained from vector magnetic field observations acquired by the Juno spacecraft during its first 9 polar orbits about the planet. Observations acquired during 8 of these orbits provide the first truly global coverage of Jupiter's magnetic field with a coarse longitudinal separation of ~45 degrees between perijoves.
Diverse electron and ion acceleration characteristics observed over Jupiter's main aurora
Two new Juno-observed particle features of Jupiter's main aurora demonstrate substantial diversity of processes generating Jupiter's mysterious auroral emissions. It was previously speculated that sometimes-observed potential-driven aurora (up to 400 kV) can turn into broadband stochastic acceleration (dominating at Jupiter) by means of instability.
Pitch angle scattering of up-going electron beams in Jupiter's polar regions by whistler-mode waves
The Juno spacecraft's Jupiter Energetic-particle Detector Instrument (JEDI) has observed field-aligned, uni-directional (up-going) electron beams throughout most of Jupiter's entire polar cap region. The Waves instrument detected intense broadband whistler-mode emissions occurring in the same region. In this paper, we investigate the pitch angle scattering of the up-going electron beams due to interactions with the whistler-mode waves.
Michelle Kwan's Latest Instagram Proves The Former Olympian Is Back On The Ice
As I watched the Golden Globes last night, I was pretty bummed I hadn't seen the movie I, Tonya yet. Not only did Allison Janney take home the prize for her supporting role in the flick, but Margot Robbie's performance as the disgraced figure skater (shown via clips during the show) looked seriously epic.
Spatial Distribution and Properties of 0.1 - 100 keV Electrons in Jupiter's Polar Auroral Region
We report on observations of 0.1 - 100 kilo-electron volt electrons from the Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment Electron instrument (JADE-E) on Juno over the region where Jupiter's ultraviolet (UV) polar aurora is produced. The observations show electrons moving both towards and away from Jupiter. These electrons show both broad and narrow energy distributions, suggesting the presence of at least two different acceleration mechanisms.
Energetic particle signatures of magnetic field-aligned potentials over Jupiter's polar regions
Recent results of the first ever orbit through Jupiter's auroral region by NASA's Juno spacecraft did not show evidence of coherent acceleration in the auroral or polar region. However, in this letter, we show energetic particle data from Juno's JEDI instrument during the third auroral pass that exhibits conclusive evidence of downward parallel electric fields in portions of Jupiter's polar region.
Juno/JEDI observations of 0.01 to >10 MeV energetic ions in the Jovian Auroral Regions; anticipating a source for polar x-ray emission
After a successful orbit insertion, the Juno spacecraft completed its first 53.5-day orbit and entered a very low altitude perijove with the full scientific payload operational for the first time on 27 August 2016. The Jupiter Energetic particle Detector Instrument measured ions and electrons over the auroral regions and through closest approach, with ions measured from ~0.01 to?>?10?MeV, depending on species.
Infrared observations of Jovian aurora from Juno's first orbits: main oval and satellite footprints.
The Jovian Infrared Auroral Mapper (JIRAM) is an imager/spectrometer on board NASA/Juno mission for the study of the Jovian aurorae. The first results of JIRAM's imager channel observations of the H + infrared emission, collected around the first Juno perijove, provide excellent spatial and temporal distribution of the Jovian aurorae, and show the morphology of the main ovals, the polar regions, and the footprints of Io, Europa and Ganymede.
Hot Flow Anomaly Observed at Jupiter's Bow Shock
A Hot Flow Anomaly (HFA) is created when an interplanetary current sheet interacts with a planetary bow shock. Previous studies have reported observing HFAs at Earth, Mercury, Venus, Mars and Saturn. During Juno's approach to Jupiter, a number of its instruments operated in the solar wind. Prior to crossing into Jupiter's magnetosphere, Juno observed an HFA at Jupiter for the first time. This Jovian HFA shares most of the characteristics of HFAs seen at other planets.
Jovian bow shock and magnetopause encounters by the Juno spacecraft
The Juno spacecraft has crossed Jupiter's bow shock (BS) and magnetopause (MP) multiple times in the dawn sector (near 0600 local time), both during the approach to Jupiter and during the first three apojove periods. A survey of all of these crossings using the Juno field and particle instruments has been performed, with 51 bow shock and 97 magnetopause crossings being detected.
Multiple-wavelength sensing of Jupiter during the Juno mission's first perijove passage
Comparison of observations of Jupiter by different Juno and ground-based instruments verified some long-standing relationships, such as those between visibly dark regions and clear, dry parts of the atmosphere. But Juno saw significant exceptions. Different instrument results for the abundance of ammonia gas, a condensate similar to water in the Earth's atmosphere, at 5?bars of pressure were self-consistent and within the uncertainty of Galileo results.
A Heavy Ion and Proton Radiation Belt Inside of Jupiter's Rings
Energetic charged particle measurements by the JEDI instrument onboard Juno have revealed a radiation belt of hundreds of keV ions up to the atomic mass of sulfur, located between Jupiterâ's rings and atmosphere. Proton energy spectra display an unusual intensity increase above 300keV. We suggest that this is because charge exchange in Jupiterâ's neutral environment does not efficiently remove ions at such high energies.
Generation of the Jovian hectometric radiation: First lessons from Juno
Using Juno plasma and wave and magnetic observations (JADE and Waves and MAG instruments), the generation mechanism of the Jovian hectometric radio emission is analyzed. It is shown that suitable conditions for the cyclotron maser instability (CMI) are observed in the regions of the radio sources. Pronounced loss cone in the electron distributions are likely the source of free energy for the instability.
Observation and interpretation of energetic ion conics in Jupiter's polar magnetosphere
NASA's Juno spacecraft successfully completed its first science polar pass over Jupiter's northern and southern aurora, with all the instruments powered, on 27 August 2016. Observations of conical energetic proton distributions at low altitudes (<6?R ) over the northern polar region are interpreted as resulting from transversely (to the local magnetic field lines) accelerated H+ at a position planetward of the point of observation.
Electron beams and loss cones in the auroral regions of Jupiter
We report on the first observations of 100 eV to 100 keV electrons over the auroral regions of Jupiter by the Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment (JADE) onboard the Juno mission. The focus is on the regions that were magnetically connected to the main auroral oval.
Plasma Measurements in the Jovian Polar Region with Juno/JADE
Jupiter's main auroral oval provides a window into the complex magnetospheric dynamics of the jovian system. The Juno spacecraft entered orbit about Jupiter on 5 July 2016 and carries onboard the Auroral Distributions Experiment (JADE) that can directly sample the auroral plasma structures. Here, we identify five distinct regimes in the JADE data based on composition/energy boundaries and magnetic field mappings, which exhibit considerable symmetry between the northern and southern passes.
First look at Jupiter's synchrotron emission from Juno's perspective
Since August 2016, measurements of Jupiter's microwave emissions at six wavelengths ranging from 1.3 cm to 50 cm have been made with the Juno Microwave Radiometer (MWR). In this paper, we introduce the first systematic set of in-situ observations of synchrotron radiation in a polar plane while describing the modeling approach we use to analyze this data (collected August 27th, 2016).
Juno-UVS Approach Observations of Jupiter's Auroras
Juno-UVS observations of Jupiter's aurora obtained during approach are presented. Prior to the bow-shock crossing on 24 June 2016, the Juno approach provided a rare opportunity to correlate local solar wind conditions with Jovian auroral emissions. Some of Jupiter's auroral emissions are expected to be controlled or modified by local solar wind conditions.
Juno observations of energetic charged particles over Jupiter's polar regions: Analysis of monodirectional and bidirectional electron beams
Juno obtained unique low-altitude space environment measurements over Jupiter's poles on 27 August 2016. Here Jupiter Energetic-particle Detector Instrument observations are presented for electrons (25–800?keV) and protons (10–1500?keV). We analyze magnetic field-aligned electron angular beams over expected auroral regions that were sometimes symmetric (bidirectional) but more often strongly asymmetric.
Observations of interplanetary dust by the Juno magnetometer investigation
One of the Juno magnetometer investigation's star cameras was configured to search for unidentified objects during Juno's transit en route to Jupiter. This camera detects and registers luminous objects to magnitude 8. Objects persisting in more than five consecutive images and moving with an apparent angular rate of between 2 and 18,000 arcsec/s were recorded. Among the objects detected were a small group of objects tracked briefly in close proximity to the spacecraft.
Radiation near Jupiter detected by Juno/JEDI during PJ1 and PJ3
After its capture into Jupiter orbit early in the summer of 2016, the Juno spacecraft made three close flybys of the planet to date. The Jupiter Energetic Particle Detector Instrument (JEDI) made continuous measurements during perijoves in late August and early December. Here we describe the radiation (approximately hundreds of keV to more than 10?MeV charged particles) that was measured close to Jupiter.
Morphology of the UV aurorae Jupiter during Juno's first perijove observations
On 27 August 2016, the NASA Juno spacecraft performed its first close-up observations of Jupiter during its perijove. Here we present the UV images and color ratio maps from the Juno-UVS UV imaging spectrograph acquired at that time. Data were acquired during four sequences (three in the north, one in the south) from 5:00 UT to 13:00 UT. From these observations, we produced complete maps of the Jovian aurorae, including the nightside.
Sakic, Selanne among inductees into IIHF Hall
COLOGNE, Germany — Joe Sakic was one of eight inductees named to the 2017 class of the International Ice Hockey Federation Hall of Fame on Sunday. Uwe Krupp and Teemu Selanne — two of Sakic's former teammates — were also inducted in a ceremony held prior to the medal round games at the world hockey championship. Saku Koivu, Austrian hockey legend Dieter Kalt, U.S. women's star Angela Ruggiero, Tony Hand and Patrick Francheterre rounded out the inductees.
A new view of Jupiter's auroral radio spectrum
Juno's first perijove science observations were carried out on 27 August 2016. The 90° orbit inclination and 4163-km periapsis altitude provides the first opportunity to explore Jupiter's polar magnetosphere.
Plasma waves in Jupiter's high latitude regions: Observations from the Juno spacecraft
The Juno Waves instrument detected a new broadband plasma wave emission (~50?Hz to 40?kHz) on 27 August 2016 as the spacecraft passed over the low altitude polar regions of Jupiter. We investigated the characteristics of this emission and found similarities to whistler-mode auroral hiss observed at Earth, including a funnel-shaped frequency-time feature.
Accelerated Flows at Jupiter's Magnetopause: Evidence for Magnetic Reconnection Along the Dawn Flank
We report on plasma and magnetic field observations from Juno's Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment and Magnetic Field Investigation at eighteen magnetopause crossings when the spacecraft was located at ~6?h magnetic local time and 73 – 114 jovian radii from Jupiter. Several crossings showed evidence of plasma energization, accelerated ion flows, and large magnetic shear angles, each representing a signature of magnetic reconnection.
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