Saeid Okhravi

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Submitted: 21 February 2025 You are already at the latest version This study aims to investigate the capability of the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment tools) model in hydrologic simulation of a cold and mountainous climate, Azna-Aligoudarz Basin, Iran. Daily climatic data from synoptic Aligoudarz Station for the period 1991-2023, discharge data from Marbare hydrometric station for the period 1991-2021, soil and land use maps, and a 10-meter digital elevation model of study area were used.

1. Introduction Scouring around bridge piers is an important subject in fluvial hydraulics. Local pier scouring manifests as a complex phenomenon arising from complex interactions among flow dynamics, the pier structure, and sediment bed characteristics. Overall, the primary scour activity mainly occurs in the frontal zone of the pier [1] and the main flow feature upstream of the pier is usually marked by a system of horseshoe vortices, “shed quasi-periodically” [2].