Saidan Shetty

Abstract Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is commonly performed to relieve pain and improve knee function in individuals with severe knee osteoarthritis (OA). Abnormal foot mechanics can influence overall biomechanics and affect post-surgical outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate foot posture as a biomechanical outcome before and after TKA and to explore its relationship with pain, functional performance, and quadriceps (Q) angle.

Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a frequent form of knee pain, affecting 22.7% of adults in the general population (Smith et al., 2018). PFP presents as retro- or peri-patellar pain during weight-bearing tasks that load the patellofemoral joint (Crossley et al., 2016), potentially restricting physical activity (PA) participation (Glaviano et al., 2017; Rathleff et al., 2016).

1 Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common condition that concerns a large population across the globe (Nelson 2018). The number of OA cases has increased from 247.51 to 527.81 million worldwide from 1990 to 2019 (Guillemin 2002; Long et al. 2022). Pain and disability are associated with subchondral bone changes, degeneration of articular cartilage, surrounding soft tissue damage, and functional restrictions (Krasnokutsky et al. 2008; Vitaloni et al. 2019).