Samuel J. Atkinson

Abstract The mammalian/mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) kinase controls cell growth in response to various external stimuli. mTORC1 has a myriad of substrates, and the activation of distinct downstream pathways has important physiological outcomes. Emerging evidence suggests that mTORC1 can respond to upstream signals in a nuanced manner, differentially regulating individual substrates and downstream biological processes.

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SFN was purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals (Toronto, Canada). Complete protease inhibitors were obtained from Roche Applied Science (West Sussex, UK). Primary antibodies to STAT3 (cat. no. 8019), p-STAT3 (cat. no. 8059), ?-actin (cat. no. 7210) and ?-smooth muscle actin (cat. no. 53142); HRP-conjugated goat anti-rabbit and rabbit anti-goat IgG were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Heidelberg, Germany). Primary antibodies to HIF-1? (cat. no. 2185) and VEGF-A (cat. no.