Sawao Honda

Submitted: 16 October 2025 You are already at the latest version Alumina-spinel refractory bricks, composed of 86 wt.% alumina phase and 13 wt.% MgAl2O4 spinel phase, are used in steel making ladles due to their ability to resist chemical attack and thermal shock. Thermal shock resistance is determined, in part, by the thermal conductivity of the material. Measurements of thermal conductivity were made with the laser flash technique from 20 °C to 1100 °C.

1 INTRODUCTION Demand for high-performance and safe lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has increased with the growing popularity of electric vehicles and portable electronic devices. Currently, extensive research on all-solid-state LIBs, which can replace organic electrolytes with inorganic solid electrolytes, is underway, owing to the potential of these LIBs for higher capacities, longer lifetimes, and enhanced safety compared to LIBs with liquid organic electrolytes.

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