Sevim Seda Çokoglu

1 INTRODUCTION The last 12,000 years saw diverse human populations shift from mobile hunter-gathering to Neolithic lifeways involving sedentism and food production. These Neolithic transitions not only brought about changes in diet but also major shifts in daily activities, an increase in population density, as well as institutionalized social inequalities (Bar-Yosef & Belfer-Cohen, 1992; Richards, 2002).

Abstract The Neolithic transition introduced major diet and lifestyle changes to human populations across continents. Beyond well-documented bioarchaeological and genetic effects, whether these changes also had molecular-level epigenetic repercussions in past human populations has been an open question.

Creating and analyzing the refined deletion data set and the SNP data set SNP genotyping in ancient genomes. Following the same reasoning as above regarding ascertainment bias, we used the African population as an ascertainment population to create an SNP genotyping set for calling SNPs in the ancient genomes.