Shankaran Thevarajah

1. Introduction Renal arteriovenous malformations (rAVMs) are rare, occurring abnormality of the renal vasculature. On a global scale, its prevalence is only 0.04% [1]. Renal AVMs are composed of dilated, enlarged, tortuous vessels which are formed by abnormal communications between renal arteries and veins forming a complex nidus. These connections are devoid of an intervening capillary network, resulting in shunting flow of high pressure arterial blood to low pressure venous blood.