Sidika Genc

Submitted: 31 October 2025 You are already at the latest version Background: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. DMD is characterized by exon deletions in about 76% of cases, with common deletions in exons 47, 48, 51, and 52. We evaluated the ef-fectiveness of an mRNA-based therapy targeting these exon deletions, which are fre-quently seen in DMD patients. Methods: The current study involved two protocols: 1.

All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.

1 INTRODUCTION Deaths, due to opioids, are on the rise worldwide. Most of the overdose deaths were from opioids, most of them with fentanyl.1 Prescriptions of opioids have decreased considerably today, but deaths have nevertheless increased. This indicates that the illicit use of fentanyl is increasing.2 There have been reports describing an increase in opioid-related disability, as well as an increase in opioid-related overdose deaths.