sofia johan

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Introduction China has become Africa's most significant trading partner (UNCTAD, 2020). To put this into perspective, China's population is currently 1.49 billion, while Africa's is 1.3 billion. Africa's population, however, is projected to rise to 2.75 billion by 2060, while China's is projected to decrease to approximately 1.2 billion.

Introduction With the growing global emphasis on green transformation and sustainability, environmental performance has become a key factor for investors in assessing firm value (Lee and Raschke, 2023; Tang and Tang, 2018). Many companies are striving to project an eco-friendly image by disclosing their environmental efforts through annual or sustainability reports (Borgstedt et al., 2019; Schmuck, Matthes and Naderer, 2018).