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Articles by Takuya Nojima
Visual Harmony between Avatar Appearance and On-Avatar Text: Effects on Self-Expression Fit and Interpersonal Perception in Social VR
Submitted: 01 December 2025 You are already at the latest version In social virtual reality (VR) and metaverse platforms, users express identity through both avatar appearance and on-avatar textual cues, such as speech balloons. However, little is known about how the harmony between these cues influences self-representation and social impressions.
Tracing Self-Reactive B Cells in Normal Mice
Takuya Nojima, Alexander E. Reynolds, Daisuke Kitamura, Garnett Kelsoe and Masayuki Kuraoka J Immunol July 1, 2020, 205 (1) 90-101; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1901015 Key Points Single-cell culture approach revealed B cell tolerance checkpoints in normal mice. Self-reactivity is elevated in T3 and CD93+ and CD93− anergic B cells in spleen. Both the lifespan and the signaling capacity of BCR vary among self-reactive B cells.
Tracing Self-Reactive B Cells in Normal Mice
Takuya Nojima, Alexander E. Reynolds, Daisuke Kitamura, Garnett Kelsoe and Masayuki Kuraoka J Immunol May 15, 2020, ji1901015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1901015 Key Points Single-cell culture approach revealed B cell tolerance checkpoints in normal mice. Self-reactivity is elevated in T3 and CD93+ and CD93− anergic B cells in spleen. Both the lifespan and the signaling capacity of BCR vary among self-reactive B cells.
Cross-Reactivity to Kynureninase Tolerizes B Cells That Express the HIV-1 Broadly Neutralizing Antibody 2F5
Joel Finney, Guang Yang, Masayuki Kuraoka, Shengli Song, Takuya Nojima, Laurent Verkoczy, Daisuke Kitamura, Barton F. Haynes and Garnett Kelsoe J Immunol December 15, 2019, 203 (12) 3268-3281; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1900069 Key Points 2F5 BCR B cells are tolerized primarily by reactivity to kynureninase, not lipid. Extensive receptor editing occurs in 2F5 BCR knock-in mice. Mature and anergic B cells often express identical BCRs in 2F5 knock-in mice.
Cross-Reactivity to Kynureninase Tolerizes B Cells That Express the HIV-1 Broadly Neutralizing Antibody 2F5
Joel Finney, Guang Yang, Masayuki Kuraoka, Shengli Song, Takuya Nojima, Laurent Verkoczy, Daisuke Kitamura, Barton F. Haynes and Garnett Kelsoe J Immunol November 15, 2019, ji1900069; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1900069 Key Points 2F5 BCR B cells are tolerized primarily by reactivity to kynureninase, not lipid. Extensive receptor editing occurs in 2F5 BCR knock-in mice. Mature and anergic B cells often express identical BCRs in 2F5 knock-in mice.
Differing Requirements for MALT1 Function in Peripheral B Cell Survival and Differentiation
During a T cell-dependent immune response, formation of the germinal center (GC) is essential for the generation of high-affinity plasma cells and memory B cells. The canonical NF-?B pathway has been implicated in the initiation of GC reaction, and defects in this pathway have been linked to immune deficiencies. The paracaspase MALT1 plays an important role in regulating NF-?B activation upon triggering of Ag receptors.
How Tolerance Shapes the Development of the HIV-1 Broadly Neutralizing Antibody 2F5
An effective HIV-1 vaccine is likely to require induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs), which neutralize multiple HIV-1 strains. Generating HIV-1 bnAbs has been challenging due partly to a number of viral immune evasion mechanisms, including viral molecular mimicry of host in order to exploit immunological tolerance. Indeed, generation of neutralizing antibodies to the 2F5 epitope of HIV-1 gp41 is proscribed by immune tolerance.
B-Cell Selection in Germinal Centers Elicited by Complex Antigens
Germinal center (GC) B cells evolve towards increased affinity by a Darwinian process studied intensively in genetically restricted, hapten-specific responses. While experimentally tractable, genetically restricted humoral responses are atypical as antibodies to complex protein antigens represent genetically diverse, polyclonal humoral responses driven by various epitopes arrayed across the antigen.
Complex Antigens Drive Permissive Clonal Selection in Germinal Centers
FiguresFigure 1Single-Cell Cultures Support Proliferation, Class-Switch Recombination, and Ab Production of B CellsSingle MF B cells were sorted from the spleens of naive B6 mice and cultured with NB-21.2D9 feeder cells.(A) Kinetics of increasing B cell numbers after single-cell culture. Live B cells were determined by Trypan blue exclusion and distinguished from NB-21.2D9 cells by size. Each symbol represents individual wells (n = 14–29).
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