1 Introduction Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an exceptionally aggressive cancer with a low global incidence but remains one of the most lethal malignancies, exhibiting a five-year survival rate below 13% and increasing in prevalence in recent years.[1] Despite significant advancements in immunotherapy that have enhanced outcomes for various cancers, its efficacy in treating PDAC remains limited.[2, 3] The reasons for this are multifaceted, with one major factor being the highly...