Thomas H. Ambrosi

Abstract Despite advances in vaccine and antiviral drug development, the prevention of respiratory viral infection and transmission remains a substantial challenge worldwide. One obvious limitation of these approaches is that they do not provide robust protection at the initial site of infection, which is the respiratory mucosa. Currently, strategies to enhance mucosal immunity against respiratory pathogens remain lacking.

Abstract Glucocorticoid (GC) induced osteoporosis (GIOP) and osteonecrosis remain a significant health issue with few approved therapies. Here, we investigate the cellular and molecular processes by which GCs affect osteogenesis and angiogenesis. We find that GC treatment reduces bone mass through decreased bone formation by skeletal stem cells (SSCs). Concomitantly, endothelial cells increase in number but display distorted phenotypical features.

Results To investigate stem cell diversity in the human skeleton, we isolated hSSCs (CD45−CD235a−TIE2−CD31-CD146−PDPN+CD73+CD164+) from ten skeletal sites of the developing human fetus at the gestational age of 17–20 weeks and conducted functional and single-cell transcriptional analysis (Figures 1A, S1A, and S1B; Table S1).13,14 Using established in vitro assays, we confirmed that hSSCs of different bones and skeletal regions displayed the potential to clonally expand and to differentiate...