Thyagarajan Subramanian

Introduction PD is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder where dopamine neurons in the midbrain degenerate and are gradually lost. Aging is the main risk factor for PD, and incidence of PD is markedly increased in people over the age of 65 years (1). Characteristic motor symptoms of PD are resting tremor, slowness of movement, rigidity, and postural instability.

Introduction Phosphatase and actin regulators (PHACTRs) are highly conserved proteins expressed in neuronal and non-neuronal cells (1). PHACTRs regulate cell morphology and motility during brain development (2) and modulate dendritic and axonal sprouting (1, 3). PHACTR1 is a modulator of angiogenesis, and it is implicated in coronary artery diseases and early-onset myocardial infarction (2, 4–6).

Corrections20 December 2022 Author, Article, and Disclosure Information In the article by Camilleri and colleagues (1), a reader (2) identified an error in Table 1, titled Baseline Characteristics of Patients. The proportions of constipation severity in the placebo group should be 54.4% (0 to 0.9 complete spontaneous bowel movements per week) and 45.6% (1.0 to 2.9 complete spontaneous bowel movements per week).