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Articles by Tyler Simko
In This Issue | PNAS
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum) on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Neolithic soil temperatures and millet agriculture Rain-fed millet crops, including broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum) and foxtail millet (Setaria italica), supported subsistence systems and the later emergence of complex societies in Neolithic East Asia. The relationship between environmental conditions and the development of millet agriculture is unclear. Yongxiu Lu, Jiaoyang Ruan et al.
Scientific authority cues increase the spread of misinformation
S. Jasanoff, Designs on Nature: Science and Democracy in Europe and the United States (princeton University Press, 2005). V. Cologna, M. Siegrist, The role of trust for climate change mitigation and adaptation behaviour: A meta-analysis. J. Environ. Psychol. 69, 101428 (2020). Y. Algan, D. Cohen, E. Davoine, M. Foucault, S. Stantcheva, Trust in scientists in times of pandemic: Panel evidence from 12 countries. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 118, e2108576118 (2021). S.
The pig in the python: US decennial labor flows and economic opportunity, 1910–2040
Significance The large size of the baby boom cohort depressed economic opportunities for that generation as it flooded the labor force in the 1970s. Contrary to the predictions of Richard Easterlin’s relative cohort size hypothesis, however, there was no rebound of opportunities with the advent of smaller cohorts in the mid-1980s; incomes of young adults remained depressed until the 2010s.
PARP1 deficiency mitigates amyloid pathology, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline in a familial Alzheimer’s disease model
PARP1 deficiency mitigates amyloid pathology, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline in a familial Alzheimer’s disease model Aanishaa Jhaldiyal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0620-7390, Manisha Kumari https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6956-6032, Lauren C.
Streamlined optical training of large-scale modern deep learning architectures with direct feedback alignment
J. Von Neumann, First draft of a report on the edvac. IEEE Ann. Hist. Comput. 15, 27–75 (1993). Y. Shen et al., Deep learning with coherent nanophotonic circuits. Nat. Photon. 11, 441–446 (2017). H. Zhou et al., Photonic matrix multiplication lights up photonic accelerator and beyond. Light Sci. Appl. 11, 30 (2022). K. P. Kalinin et al., Analog optical computer for ai inference and combinatorial optimization. Nature 645, 354–361 (2025). S.
Ecological stability through nonlinear fluctuations and the portfolio effect
D. E. Schindler et al., Population diversity and the portfolio effect in an exploited species. Nature 465, 609–612 (2010). I. A. Hatton, O. Mazzarisi, A. Altieri, M. Smerlak, Diversity begets stability: Sublinear growth and competitive coexistence across ecosystems. Science 383, eadg8488 (2024). D. Tilman, P. B. Reich, J. M. H. Knops, Biodiversity and ecosystem stability in a decade-long grassland experiment. Nature 441, 629–632 (2006). S. Yachi, M.
Cysteine thiol-to-sulfonate oxidation induces unfolding for the functional switching of the extracellular HMGB1 protein
C. Klomsiri, P. A. Karplus, L. B. Poole, Cysteine-based redox switches in enzymes. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 14, 1065–1077 (2011). R. Brigelius-Flohe, L. Flohe, Basic principles and emerging concepts in the redox control of transcription factors. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 15, 2335–2381 (2011). K. M. Holmstrom, T. Finkel, Cellular mechanisms and physiological consequences of redox-dependent signalling. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 15, 411–421 (2014). C. E. Paulsen, K. S.
A broad-spectrum inhibitor of copper-exporting P 1B -type ATPases
S. Lutsenko, S. Roy, P. Tsvetkov, Mammalian copper homeostasis: Physiological roles and molecular mechanisms. Physiol. Rev. 105, 441–491 (2025). N. M. Garza, A. B. Swaminathan, K. P. Maremanda, M. Zulkifli, V. M. Gohil, Mitochondrial copper in human genetic disorders. Trends. Endocrinol. Metab. 34, 21–33 (2023). E. J. Ge et al., Connecting copper and cancer: From transition metal signalling to metalloplasia. Nat. Rev. Cancer. 22, 102–113 (2022). L. Macomber, J. A.
The Antarctic Treaty System needs a disaster management authority to guard the continent against disasters
In early 2024, a severe outbreak of H5N1 avian influenza emerged in Antarctica, marking the continent’s first recorded incidence of a devastating wildlife pandemic (1). An initial outbreak on South Georgia Island was followed by detections in bird and marine mammal populations across other sub-Antarctic islands and then on the continent itself. Mortality rates have been alarmingly high among some species, in a system already stressed by climate change and human activities (2).
A hemispheric decoding principle for vestibular heading perception in the posterior sylvian area
Significance The vestibular system plays a crucial role in important fundamental as well as high cognitive functions. Supporting this, vestibular signals have been found widely distributed in the brain including the cerebral neocortex, yet they are mostly studied under stimulus-neural activity correlation, leaving it unverified about their exact functional implications.
Superconductivity suppression and bilayer decoupling in Pr-substituted YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7− δ
Superconductivity suppression and bilayer decoupling in Pr-substituted YBa2Cu3O7−δ Jinming Yang, Zheting Jin, Siqi Wang, +18 , Camilla M. Moir, Mingyu Xu, Brandon Gunn, Rourav Basak, Joshua R. Evans, Xian Du, Zhibo Kang, Keke Feng, Makoto Hashimoto, Donghui Lu, Jessica L.
Profile of Richard Robson, Susumu Kitagawa, and Omar M. Yaghi: 2025 Nobel laureates in Chemistry
Abstract The 2025 Nobel Prize in Chemistry honors Richard Robson, Susumu Kitagawa, and Omar M. Yaghi for establishing metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as a new class of crystalline porous materials and, more broadly, for transforming how chemists design extended matter. Their work showed that solids could be built from well-defined inorganic and organic components with unusual control over structure, porosity, and function.
QnAs with E. Dale Abel
Get full access to this article Purchase, subscribe, or recommend this article to your librarian. Reference S. Tanosaki et al., Choice of cardioplegia influences metabolomics of human cardiac tissue. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 123, e2602039123 (2026). Information & Authors Information Published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol.
Evolution of noisy learning in games
Significance In strategic interactions, people can improve their performance by reasoning about their available strategies. This reasoning process can be captured with models of learning and evolutionary game theory. These models often contain a parameter that reflects how likely individuals are to switch to strategies they deem more attractive. This parameter has been referred to as an individual’s sensitivity, or as the strength of selection.
Fungal proliferation before and after the Cretaceous–Paleogene mass extinction event in North America
H. Visscher et al., The terminal Paleozoic fungal event: Evidence of terrestrial ecosystem destabilization and collapse. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93, 2155–2158 (1996). K. Berry, Evidence for fungal proliferation following the Cretaceous/Paleogene mass-extinction event, based on chemostratigraphy in the Raton and Powder River basins, western North America. Acta Palaeobotanica 60, 134–142 (2020). H. Brückner, J. Maisch, C. Reinecke, A.
Ancestral splice variation is a key substrate for rapid diversification in African cichlids
Ancestral splice variation is a key substrate for rapid diversification in African cichlids Edited by Nils Chr. Stenseth, Universitetet i Oslo, Oslo, Norway; received July 5, 2025; accepted March 22, 2026 Significance Adaptive radiation—when species rapidly diversify to fill new ecological niches—is a key driver of biodiversity, but its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear.
Global and regional climate modes modulate armed conflict risk
D. D. Zhang, P. Brecke, H. F. Lee, Y. Q. He, J. Zhang, Global climate change, war, and population decline in recent human history. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104, 19214–19219 (2007). O. Deschênes, M. Greenstone, Climate change, mortality, and adaptation: Evidence from annual fluctuations in weather in the US. Am. Econ. J. Appl. Econ. 3, 152–185 (2011). S. M. Hsiang, M. Burke, E. Miguel, Quantifying the influence of climate on human conflict. Science 341, 1235367 (2013). M. Dell, B. F. Jones, B. A.
Oak masting breaks down in a highly fragmented, pollen-limited landscape
I. S. Pearse, W. D. Koenig, D. Kelly, Mechanisms of mast seeding: Resources, weather, cues, and selection. New Phytol. 212, 546–562 (2016). M. B. Pesendorfer et al., The ecology and evolution of synchronized reproduction in long-lived plants. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 376, 20200369 (2021). M. Bogdziewicz et al., Evolutionary ecology of masting: Mechanisms, models, and climate change. Trends Ecol. Evol. 39, 851–862 (2024). M. Bogdziewicz, R. Zwolak, E. E. Crone, How do vertebrates respond to mast seeding?
2024 global temperature record is consistent with model-predicted warming
2024 global temperature record is consistent with model-predicted warming Contributed by Michael E. Mann; received January 2, 2026; accepted April 3, 2026; reviewed by Stephan Lewandowsky and Timothy J. Osborn Significance A number of recent articles and commentaries have argued that the record global temperatures of 2023–2024 cannot be explained by standard climate model simulations and infer that we are witnessing an unexpected surge in planetary warming.
Temperature-dependent feedbacks drive the pattern of Antarctic temperature change
Significance Changes in Earth’s climate are caused by changes in incoming and outgoing energy. However, understanding the patterns of temperature response that result from changes in energy balance is not straightforward. Here we investigate the patterns of temperature change within Antarctica. We find a persistent and fundamental pattern of Antarctic temperature change, in which warmer places warm and cool more than colder places.
Anoxic photo-oxidation of Mn(II)-bearing carbonates on Mars and early Earth
K. H. Nealson, The limits of life on Earth and searching for life on Mars. J. Geophys. Res. Planets 102, 23675–23686 (1997). T. W. Lyons, C. T. Reinhard, N. J. Planavsky, The rise of oxygen in Earth’s early ocean and atmosphere. Nature 506, 307–315 (2014). J. Hao, D. A. Sverjensky, R. M. Hazen, A model for late Archean chemical weathering and world average river water. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 457, 191–203 (2017). J. E. Johnson, A. Gerpheide, M. P. Lamb, W. W.
Swartkrans Paranthropus and Sterkfontein Australopithecus from southern Africa had different locomotor repertoires
Swartkrans Paranthropus and Sterkfontein Australopithecus from southern Africa had different locomotor repertoires Marine Cazenave https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7194-5958 marine_cazenave@eva.mpg.de, Annalisa Pietrobelli https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2558-1118, Andrea Luková https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9843-336X, +16 , Sebastian Bachmann https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6533-3602, Matthew V. Caruana https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2095-5360, Ronald J. Clarke https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1759-8937, Christopher J.
Discovering regularity and mechanisms of word sense acquisition in childhood
J. Rodd, G. Gaskell, W. Marslen-Wilson, Making sense of semantic ambiguity: Semantic competition in lexical access. J. Mem. Lang. 46, 245–266 (2002). J. Pustejovsky, The Generative Lexicon (MIT Press, 1998). C. M. Brugman, The Story of Over: Polysemy, Semantics, and the Structure of the Lexicon (Taylor & Francis, 1988). M. Bréal, Essai de sémantique (science des significations) (Hachette, 1904). F. de Saussure, Course in General Linguistics C. Bally, A. Sechehaye, A. Riedlinger, Eds. (Duckworth, London, 1983). S.
Early evidence for a stable and flexible foraging niche in the evolution of Homo
Early evidence for a stable and flexible foraging niche in the evolution of Homo Frances Forrest https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-2844 fforrest@fairfield.edu, Eimy Gonzalez-Alvarez, Dan Palcu Rolier https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0714-116X, +9 , Sharon Kuo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9589-856X, Matthew Skinner, Jonathan Reeves https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2017-0539, Erin DiMaggio, Sarah Hlubik, Sahleselasie Melaku, Mathilde Ribordy, Alemu Gebresilassie Wolde, Emmanuel Ndiema...
Sherrill landslide in New Jersey driven by high turnout, CBS News analysis finds
Sherrill landslide in New Jersey driven by high turnout, CBS News analysis finds Turnout surged across New Jersey Tuesday, helping propel Democrat Mikie Sherrill to a landslide win in the race for governor. The Garden State is blowing past its turnout in its last gubernatorial contest in 2021, when Republican Jack Ciattarelli came within a few points of an upset win over Democratic Gov. Phil Murphy.
Trump’s proposed snap Census won’t get him the seats he wants
President Trump recently announced that he had directed the Department of Commerce to conduct an unprecedented, mid-decade census of the U.S. population. Like his order for the 2020 Census that was rejected by a federal court, Trump has ordered this new census to exclude undocumented immigrants from the population count.
Opinion - Trump’s proposed snap Census won’t get him the seats he wants
Related video: FIGHT FOR POWER: Explaining The Redistricting Wars President Trump recently announced that he had directed the Department of Commerce to conduct an unprecedented, mid-decade census of the U.S. population. Like his order for the 2020 Census that was rejected by a federal court, Trump has ordered this new census to exclude undocumented immigrants from the population count.
Op-Ed: Why the ‘county line; should be cut from NJ ballots
New Jersey’s primary election is not until June, but state elections are already in the national spotlight because of their ballot design. Over the weekend, Attorney General Matt Platkin said he will not defend New Jersey’s “county line” system, challenged by U.S. Rep. Andy Kim (D-3rd) in an ongoing lawsuit. This system allows county political parties to place their preferred candidates in privileged positions on the ballot.
LocalView, a database of public meetings for the study of local politics and policy-making in the United States - Scientific Data
Abstract Despite the fundamental importance of American local governments for service provision in areas like education and public health, local policy-making remains difficult and expensive to study at scale due to a lack of centralized data. This article introduces LocalView, the largest existing dataset of real-time local government public meetings–the central policy-making process in local government.
LocalView: How Can We Study Local Politics at Scale?
Political power in the United States and many other democracies is divided between national, state, and local governments. Despite the overwhelming attention devoted to federal politics in the US – by journalists, researchers, and the public at large – local governments also make important policy decisions that affect our daily lives in policy areas ranging from infrastructure to public health.
[2208.06968] Widespread Partisan Gerrymandering Mostly Cancels Nationally, but Reduces Electoral Competition
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