The question of the evolution of Hindi as a written language has been asked before. Extant histories of Hindi, notably by George Grierson, Ramchandra Shukla, and Hazari Prasad Dwivedi, posit that the Bhakti movements of the 15th and 16th centuries were the primary movers, the sole engines for the rise of the vernacular. It is true that the Bhakti movements arose as a revolt against the hegemony of Sanskrit and Brahminical religions.