Tzu-Wen Kuo

1 Introduction In recent years, with the rapid growth of industry and transportation, the issue of air pollution has become increasingly serious. Toxic gases such as H2S, SO2, NO2, NH3, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can cause harm to the human body, potentially leading to respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases with prolonged exposure [1-6]. Therefore, establishing an air quality index (AQI) monitoring network becomes extremely important in metropolitan areas [7, 8].

1. Introduction In the design of safety and disaster prevention indicators for smart buildings, the primary focus is typically on fire protection systems. However, whether the fundamental fire protection facilities within a building are truly sufficient to handle indoor fires remains questionable. The ability to ensure the successful evacuation or rescue of all occupants is a critical concern.

Submitted: 10 February 2025 You are already at the latest version This study aimed to shorten firefighter search times during indoor fires, allowing more people to be rescued, by enhancing disaster prevention capabilities using building technologies. In indoor fires, fatalities are often caused by the failure of firefighters to rescue individuals in a timely manner.