Van Mai Truong

Objectives This study aimed to assess the efficacy of whitening toothpastes in removing extrinsic stains caused by tea, coffee, and red wine, and to evaluate their effects on enamel surface roughness. The penetration depth of the stains was also analyzed to understand how stain localization influences whitening effectiveness. Materials and Methods Ninety bovine teeth were stained for 7 days with black tea, coffee, or red wine.

1 INTRODUCTION In dentistry, food impaction is defined as a forceful wedging of food plaques into the proximal area by the lip, cheek, tongue, and/or occlusal pressures during mastication (Jeong & Chang, 2015; Khairnar, 2013; Truong et al., 2023). In general, food impaction can be classified into vertical and horizontal impaction based on the direction of impaction, and the two types may coincide with each other. The pathogenesis of food impaction can be considered complicated and multifactorial.