Abstract Aldo-keto reductase 1B10 (AKR1B10), a prominent member of the human aldo-keto reductase superfamily, plays dual roles in maintaining physiological homeostasis and participating in pathological processes. Beyond its established functions in carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, and oxidative stress regulation, AKR1B10 has been demonstrated as a critical mediator of tumor cell proliferation and metastasis.