Xiao-Han Ying

1 Introduction Breast cancer remains a major global health burden among women. A recent Global Burden of Disease 2021-based analysis reported that breast cancer accounted for approximately 2.08 million incident cases, 0.66 million deaths, and 20.25 million disability-adjusted life years worldwide in 2021, representing the highest burden among major female-specific cancers [1].

Abstract Cancer is one of the leading causes of global morbidity and mortality and is characterized by its high heterogeneity, genomic instability and adaptive plasticity. Applying Darwin’s theory of evolution, the concept of tumor evolution has improved our understanding of the biological behavior of advanced cancer, while technological limitations have long left how to dynamically characterize the evolutionary process unsolved.

Abstract The multi-omics data represented by genomic data from patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is crucial for precision treatment, yet data on genomic alterations in metastatic cohorts and Chinese populations remains limited. We performed targeted sequencing of 296 metastatic TNBC samples from 296 patients treated at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (October 2018 to November 2020) using a 484-gene panel, identifying 796 metastatic events across 18 organ sites.