Xiying Shao

Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer is an aggressive subtype comprising 10–20% of all breast cancer cases and has a worse prognosis than other subtypes. This open-label, multicenter, single-arm, phase 2 clinical trial evaluates the safety and efficacy of ivonescimab combined with chemotherapy as first-line treatment in female patients with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer who have not received previous systemic therapy.

INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in incidence, with 420,000 new deaths reported globally in 2022.1 Breast cancer has different subtypes according to the histological, molecular, genetic, and immunohistochemical characteristics of the tumor cells. There are three widely recognized subtypes based on the expression status of three receptors.2 Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype in which all three receptor expressions are negative.